In this paper the correct quantum statistical description of an ideal photon gas is presented. It is shown that the ideal photon gas undergoes Bose-Einstein condensation for both three and two dimensional systems with a finite critical temperature TC is not equal to 0. However, there is no phase transition observed in the case of a one-dimensional system. The phase transition is modelled using a quantum statistical analogy to the Clausius Clapeyron equation. Furthermore, from the heat released during condensation the heat capacity CV is calculated as a function of temperature T. The famous lambda-shaped peak at T = TC is reproduced which identifies the phase transition as one of 1st order. At high temperatures the results of classical thermodynamics are reproduced.

This paper sets out the reasons for accepting Total Quality Management (TQM) by the managers of\nphysical education organization of Fars province. Approach / Methodology – this is a descriptive correlation – based\npaper. The sample Includes 90 managers, assistants and deputy chairman of physical education offices of Fars\nprovince. The instrument used in this paper is the Spinwal’s (1994) standard questionnaire. The reliability\ncoefficient (Cronbach’s α) of this study is about

It is possible to deduce quantities of particles and masses of nuclei from a~geometry of gravitation and electromagnetism as found for the first time by Rainich. The theory is nothing else than General Relativity completed with a ``simple idea\'\' as foreseen by Wheeler. At this place, masses of nuclei are depicted by means of numerical\nsimulations according to geometric equations. The algorithm is linked\nwith chaos, so that the known singularity rule is revealed to be\nirrelevant.

Synthetic progestagens and steroidal anti-inflammatory treatments entail strong diabetogenic potential. The current study is a retrospective analytic interpretive epidemiological inquiry of diabetes mellitus in cats in association with exogenous synthetic progestagen and steroidal anti-inflammatory drug administration.\nThe study was based on a seven year retrospective cohort evaluation. All data were selected from the data base of a Teaching Hospital and included signalment, history and diagnosis. The analytic epidemiological evaluation was referred to progestagens and corticosteroids as causal factors of diabetes mellitus in cats.\n50 cats, out of a total population of 4009 cats were diagnosed with diabetes mellitus, indicating a prevalence of 1.25%. Exogenous progestagens were administrated to 596 cats, from which 15 were diagnosed with diabetes. The frequency of occurrence for the first group was 2.51%, with a cumulative incidence of 25.16 cases of diabetes per 1000 cats treated with synthetic progestagen. Steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were administrated to 620 cats, from which 12 were diabetic. Frequency of occurrence for the second group was 1.9% and the cumulative incidence indicated 19.35 diabetic cats per 1000 patients treated with steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.\nUnivariable analysis indicated a high statistical implication of progestagens (p=<0.001) in diabetes mellitus. Results of multivariable risk analysis revealed a high association of progestagen treated diabetic patients with the unneutered females (p=<0.01), while diabetic, corticosteroid treated individuals were highly correlated with the weight (p=<0.05). \nIn conclusion both corticosteroids and progestagens hold a high diabetogenic potential. Their implication in diabetes mellitus occurrence in cats was observed on the studied population thus it would be advisable to thoroughly evaluate all treatment options, before initiating a therapy protocol based on this type of drugs.

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between corporate governance and corporate\ntransparency in the cement industry and basic metals companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange.\nHence, from the various criteria applied in several studies for assessing corporate governance, we select\nthese criteria: board independence, ownership of institutional shareholders, ownership concentration and\nCEO duality tasks. For measuring the quality of corporate transparency, disclosure quality criteria\npublished by the stock exchange has been used for all companies. We first sorting the collecting data by\nEXCEL and then by correlation test and simple and multiple regression in SPSS software we analyzes the\ndata. Results indicate a direct significant relationship between the ownership of institutional shareholders\nand ownership concentration and corporate transparency, and an inverse significant relationship between\nboard independence and CEO duality duties and corporate transparency in these industries.

The main purpose of corporations is maximizing shareholders wealth. one of the factors which Affect it, is the company\'s dividend policy; therefore, discussion of dividend policy has always Been considered as one of the most important financial issues. this study investigates the impact Of ownership structure and stock price volatility on pay out ratio in listed Firms of Tehran Stock Exchange. in this context, multiple linear regression was used. the findings of studying 113 Companies during the time period between 2006 and 2011showed that Institutional ownership and Stock price volatility affect the ratio of dividends of firms accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange Positively . however, there are some reasons which show there is not meaningful relationship Between management ownership and corporate ownership with dividend policy.

The present paper studies effect of maximal exercise and submaximal exercise on treating type 2 DM (diabetes mellitus). In type 2 DM, pancreas does not produce enough insulin or body cells do not respond to the produced insulin. As a result, level of blood sugar increases. Approximately, 90 percent of diabetes are related to type 2 DM. In this research, statistical population is made up of 10 male volunteers whose mean age varies from 24 to 69, height is equal to 171.7∓ 6.12 centimeters, weight is equal to 81.52 ∓ 1.59 kilograms, and body mass index( BMI) is equal to 27.65 ∓ 1.88 . The volunteers participated in two sessions of aerobic exercise including 30 minutes of fast running, one session with speed equal to 70 percent of heart beat and another session with speed equal to 100 percent of heart beat. Data analysis was done based on descriptive and inferential methods. Moreover, statistical measures such as measure of central tendency, measure of dispersion were used to study findings and paired T test and Mann Whitney U- test were used to compare relation between data dependent variables in constant and non- constant groups at confidence level equal to 95 percent. Results of paired T test shows that doing maximal and submaximal exercises affects BMI and percent of glycosylated hemoglobin.

Mathematics is one of the most important issues around the world. Being skillful in mathematical facts, researchers can access scientific and professional facilities. In present paper, the multiplication learning process in children would be investigated, but it doesn’t go further in this matter. Just the normal procedure of learning mathematics has been investigated here and not learning math in children with some difficulties. Thus, it has been attempted to study how children gain proficiency in mathematics. In the process of becoming proficient, children need to use some strategies to solve mathematical problems; however, these strategies need to change in some time with the help of practice. The change of strategies are useful because it helps the strategies go towards more automaticity in solving the arithmetic problems and as a result of this it frees up more space in the working memory for more complicated cognitive processes.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the mother and father parenting style of the demographic data in the faculty of education, university Technology Malaysia, among 300 undergraduate students in the faculty of education who involved in the study. These types of parenting style includes authoritarian, authoritative, and permissive, were assessed by using Parent Authority Questioner (PAQ). Several issues were associated such as the relationship of parenting style of the mother and the father with their income and their level of education. Analysis of variable (ANOVA) shows that there is no significant difference between the parenting style and the level of education and level of income for both, the mother and father. Further analysis shows that the lower level of income mother and father are more likely to practiced authoritarian parenting style to the children. The same indication also appears for the mother and father of lower level of education. Several suggestions are also presented.

Heartworm infestation is a disease in continuous geographic expansion. New cases are signaled each year in different countries, both in humans and dogs. This is a case report of a 45 kg, 10 year old, male, Argentinian Dog presented to consultation with pyuria and urinary incontinence. All blood and urinary analyses were made, and the results showed at microscopy examination of the blood smear microfilaria without any renal and hepatic functional abnormalities in biochemistry analyses. Urine cytological examinations detected small quantity of hemoglobin with pyuria, cristaluria, bacteriuria and cells from the wall of the bladder and microfilaria. The imagistic and functional kidney status did not show any indices to suspect renal failure. Because of that, we consider that the presence of microfilariuria may be explained only if we take in count the transparietal migration. To the authors knowledge this is the first report in literature in which an ectopic (urinary) presence of microfilaria is seen in the absence of a concomitant renal failure.

This study concerns experimental activities at in fine arts schools involving health and safety risks for artists, teachers and students, especially those carried out in the studios located in educational institutions. The project initially intends to promote quality research on issues concerning health safety and environment sustainable procedures, art materials and products; this includes products use and handling, recycling and waste management in art school studios and laboratories. Latter on, at a second stage, these findings would be made extensive to the art community. There is sufficient empirical evidence that a number of substances, products and materials frequently used in fine arts are either hazardous or suspected to be hazardous and can often cause health problems thus it becomes necessary to implement a health and safety and sustainable procedure to handle them.

The solar energy is a main renewable energy sources which can generates the power. The main objective of the present study is to investigate the relation of PV module with the load considering a way to control maximum power point tracking in PV module. The produced output energies present the load by PV module considering the PV module. The present study relates to MPP (maximum power point) method regarding DC-DC power convertor attempts to use MPPT algorithm with respect to the changes of sun temperature. MPPT algorithm has been used since it has a simple performance and is a quick method to estimate the maximum power point. Based on voltage-based maximum power point tracker (VMPPT), PV open circuit voltage is estimated on line and then the maximum power point is estimated in PV and the power is continuously synchronized. PV module and DC-DC converter and maximum power point tracking are modeled and simulated in this study.

The head is the most vulnerable part of the body during crash situations and is often involved in life-threatening injuries. The main purpose of the present work is to build and validate a numerical model of human head in order to evaluate pressure and stress distributions in bones and brain tissues due to impact. Furthermore, the Head Injury Criterion (HIC) and the recently proposed Head Impact Power (HIP) criterion were evaluated with respect to the relative motion between the skull and the brain. It was found that the influence of impact direction had a substantial effect on the intracranial response. Geometrical characteristics for the finite element model have been extracted from CT and MRI scanner images, while material mechanical characteristics have been taken from literature. The analysis is performed using the program Ansys 3D to evaluate the risk of head injury in impact. The model is validated by comparing the numerical results and the experimental results obtained by Nahum in 1977.

The purpose of this effort is to conduct a combined Eulerian-Lagrangian non-linear dynamics computational analysis of the interaction between a single planar blast wave and a human head in order to assess the extent of intra-cranial shock wave generation and its potential for causing traumatic brain injury. The finite element (FE) modeling is a powerful tool for investigating the physical process producing head trauma, and a well validated model would, thus, be a valuable tool to aid in injury diagnosis and design of protective devices. In this paper, an Ansys three dimensional transient modal dynamic finite element analysis was performed of a simplified brain model surrounded by cerebral spinal fluid and skull. Viscoelastic material parameters of the brain tissue were obtained from open literature. The localized response parameters predicted by the head model will be analyzed and compared between various loading conditions.

Abstract\nIntroduction: CRM consists of three main parts: Customer, Relationship and Management. Among the three mentioned factors, the “Relationship” process forms the focal sector. According to the hypothesis of this study, “customer’s organizational visiting” has a significant role on their satisfaction.\nThe objective of this study was to investigate the impact of “customer’s organizational visiting” on Consumer/ Provider Attachment (CPA) in the framework of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) system.\nMethods: The study is a survey research that uses correlation method by two researcher made questionnaires that included 46 questions. Experts confirmed the validity and reliability of the questionnaires was calculated by Cronbach\'s alpha. All of telecommunications experts who are using the products were among Population. The sample size was 350 subjects that were randomly selected. Both descriptive and inferential statistics methods have been used to analyze data.\nResults and conclusion: The results of the hypothesis testing show that null hypothesis rejected and the alternative-hypothesis accepted. The results show that “customer’s organizational visiting” increases their satisfaction. Regardless of its administrative details “customer’s organizational visiting” can be considered among the most powerful Customer Relationship Management (CRM) tools which tend to Consumer/Provider Attachment (CPA). \nKeywords: organizational visiting, Consumer/ Provider Attachment (CPA), CRM.

The concept of sustainable development was introduced for the first time in 1970 to address economical\nsocial issues in order to protect the environment. In this context, various theories were provided and what\nis emphasized in this paper is to highlight the sustainable development and the sustainable architecture. Like\nother sciences, in the field of architecture, world architects have been provided many solutions to create better and\nmore sustainable contexts in order to provide desired life for people. An architect considers activities such as\nleisure, work and play when designing spaces that these often involve environment. The main objective of this study\nis to examine the relationship between sustainable development and sustainable architecture. Research methods\nhave done using library, documentation and other researchers’ findings. Studies showed that there is a\nrelationship between sustainable development and sustainable architecture and applying the concept of sustainable\narchitecture is as same as architecture compatibility with the environment and sustainable development.

Background and Objective: We previously showed that the calcium-binding protein S100A4 is overexpressed and related to metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).However, whether S100A4 participates in the regulation of metastasis and its mechanisms in HCC is mostly unknown. Given the associations of S100A4 ,nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB/RelA) and MMP-9 with metastasis in a variety of malignancies, we explored a potential role of S100A4 in HCC metastasis and its mechanism. Methods: 20 patients with HCC invasion (Lymph node metastasis ,micro¬vascular invasion, major portal vein invasion and intrahepatic me¬tastasis) and 20 patients without HCC invasion were included. These tissues were detected for the expression of S100A4, NF-kB/RelA and MMP-9 by immunohistochemistry and quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR).Correlation between the expressions of S100A4, NF-kB/RelA and MMP-9 with the invasion was analysed. The expressions of S100A4, nuclear factor-kB and MMP-9 was evaluated in HepG2 cell by western blot and immunohistochemistry. HepG2 cells were stably transfected with S100A4-specific small interfering RNA (S100A4 siRNA) to knockdown of S100A4 ,then transiently transfected with S100A4 cDNA to rescure the S100A4 level and evaluated for effects on invasion and expression analysis for molecules involved in invasion.After the HepG2 cells recurred the S100A4 levels, the HepG2 cells was treated with 5 uM PDTC (a selective NF κ B inhibitor) to inhibit the NF-kB activity,or treated with the BB94(a MMPs inhibitor) to inhibit the MMP-9 activity. The expression analysis for molecules involved in invasion was analyzed. Results: A significant increase of S100A4, NF-kB/RelA and MMP-9 expression in HCC tissues with invasion than that of without invasion. A positive correlation was observed between S100A4, NF-kB/RelA,MMP-9 and invasion,respectively. In addition,S100A4 was positively correlated with NF-kB and MMP-9. S100A4 siRNA mediated knockdown of S100A4 in HepG2 cells resulted in significant reduction in the NF-kB activity and MMP-9 expression,and dramatically decreased its invasion. Moreover, the HepG2 cell metastatic potential was rescued by overexpression of S100A4 completely,at the same time, the NF-kB activity and MMP-9 expression was also increased. Pretreatment with PDTC or BB94 was observed to significantly reduce NF-kB activity and MMP-9 expression and dramatically decreased S100A4 -induced invasion. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that S100A4 contributes to HCC metastasis by activation of NF-kB dependant MMP-9 expression,suggesting S100A4 as a novel diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target in HCC.