Manufacturers need to optimize operations. One of the best solutions for optimizing is achieving the highest possible degree of adaptability to lean manufacturing characteristics. The basic lean manufacturing elements include production flow, organizing, process control, measurement and supporting. Among these elements, measurement is of special significance. Measurement in lean manufacturing refers to determining the rate of adaptability in a system with lean manufacturing characteristics and hence, determining the degree of compatibility with criteria and characteristics of lean manufacturing, so manufacturers should constantly assess the degree of adaptability of their systems to lean manufacturing criteria. Purpose– The purpose of this paper is determining ATO systems leanness. Most previous studies have been done in Manufacturing To Order and Manufacturing To Stock industries, While The present study has been done in Assembly To Order or ATO industries.

A process of modern designing named Direct Strength Method (DSM) for the thin-walled steel sections with slender components has been investigated. Thus, by perfectly understanding the notions and the fundamental principles, a background has been provided for developing and codifying the Iranian regulations for designing the formed sections from the sheets with slender components. Subsequently, using this approach for predicting ultimate strength of slender sections needed conducting the numerical sustainable analysis. It is also required to determine the behaviour of elastic buckling of the corresponding member in a range of actions and reactions of local, distortion and general buckling modes which in order to simulate such this behaviour, the sections are analysed through CUFSM software based on the finite strip method(FSM). As an illustration, a sample of a thin walled section with slender components (C-shaped flange) is solved so as to compare the accuracy and precision of DSM relations, governing on the components of thin-walled members through considering the effect of limited stress factor (ρ) under the uniform pressure, with the regulations of designing thin-walled members based on the effective breadth method (AISI).

Today, the industry development is considered as one of the most important economic indices. According to the nature of industry, knowledge management as a very efficient tool to maintain the competitive position, can be used for innovative management and considered as a key factor for industry viability. Due to its potential, knowledge management is implemented and enforced in major industries. A broad and deep change in different aspects of human resources is needed to achieve industries vision. According to the workforce indicators in industries, empowerment and organizational knowledge are considered as core organizational functions. In present world, knowledge is considered as the most important capital for organizations; therefore, it is needed to apply modern knowledge management approaches regarding the staffs and organizational issues. Maintaining employees of organizations and breeding their learning capacity have decisive role in the success of organizations. Hence, it is needed to embed knowledge management in standard policies of organizations as physical resources management. Knowledge management is defined as systematically applying knowledge for organizational activities to achieve mission and goals of the organization. In fact, the main goal of knowledge management is to avoid repeating mistakes and make decisions based on organizational knowledge. In this article, it is attempted to concisely define the concept of knowledge management, models of knowledge creation and industries life cycle; also, their roles in development and growth of industries are expressed.

To study the effect of salinity experiment was performed in Astara region. Cultivars included Cultivated in two pieces of land in Astara: one with normal soil and the other with salty soil. Maize cultivars were experimented in three replications on the basis of randomized complete Block design. During the experiment, morphological characteristics concerning the plant growth, such as leaf numbers, Leaf length, Ear number, Ear weight, Seed weight in ear and Number of seed in row were measured. Results from the analysis of variance showed that there were no significant differences between different years. Between locations (normal and saline) in all traits, significant differences were seen. The greatest leaf numbers was seen in Zaqatala (13.96), K3653.2 (13.67) and S.C704 (13.28) and its least amount in Waxy (8.673) under the salty conditions. Salinity reduced the number of ears per plant. Between B73, Waxy and K3615.1 were not significantly different in normal and saline conditions. The maximum number of seeds in rows in Zaqatala, B73 and SC704 were observed that no significant difference was found between them.

In general, organs are consisted of two hard and soft tissues and teeth are classified as hard ones. Teeth are made of mineral and organic materials. The part of tooth which is out of gum is called crown and the other part which is located inside the jaws is called root. The boundary between the crown and the root of a tooth is called neck or collar. In the case of teeth damages such as destruction of tooth surface, restorative materials are used. Dental composites and amalgams are the most common types of these materials. Composites materials are made of tooth-coloured acrylic resins. Since the materials include good physical and mechanical properties, extreme beauty and simple function, they are applied for restoration of teeth especially restoring anterior teeth for which beauty is determining factor. The research main objective is to assess the impact of light irradiance time on dimensional changes of common dental composites. The study is a case study on common composites. Water absorption is a slower process in comparison with polymerization contraction and tension. It has been paid special attention to polymerization contraction in this research. Hence, the volume change resulted from polymerization contraction and water absorption of three composites of Z250, Colten and ISO4049 which were cured in different durations of light was assessed. The size of samples was determined via a 10Mpixel digital camera of and design software. In this research, all frames and tests conditions were prepared based on ISO4049 standard and in order to get valid results, modern devices were used to measure the dental samples and perform the tests.