ABSTRACT\nObjective: Peripheral lymphadenopathy is very common in childhood. Although they are usually benign, they are often seen in pediatric outpatient clinics because they are a major cause of concern for families. However, physicians cannot afford to overlook the possibility of cancer, which is why many of these patients are referred to pediatric hematology and oncology outpatient clinics. In this study, we calculated the proportion of patients requiring biopsy and the frequency of malignancy, and investigated the characteristics that may be associated with malignancy.\nMaterials and Methods: The records of children admitted to our pediatric hematology and oncology outpatient clinic between May 2023 and March 2024 were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic characteristics, medical history, lymph node characteristics, laboratory and imaging results were evaluated. Lymphadenopathies larger than 1.5 cm in diameter in the inguinal, axillary, and femoral regions or 3 cm in diameter in the cervical region after 2 weeks of antibiotic treatment, located in the supraclavicular region, and fixed were considered pathologic LAP. B symptoms (presence of fever (at least 38°C), weight loss >10%, night sweats) were questioned.\nResults: The study included 430 patients. The median age of the patients was 6 years (1-18 years) and 66% were male. Most patients (96%) had localized lymphadenopathy and the most common site (87%) was the head and neck region. A history of infection within the past month was present in 72% of patients. Lymphadenopathy was followed for more than one year in 14 patients. The median long axis of the lymph nodes was 1.5 cm (0-5 cm) on physical examination and 2 cm (0.5-5.5 cm) on ultrasonography. Blood count and ultrasound imaging were ordered at an outside center for all patients. All but one patient had normal blood counts at initial presentation; the patient with hyperleukocytosis and generalized LAP was diagnosed with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Another patient was referred for supraclavicular LAP and had a normal blood count obtained three days earlier at an outside center; the control blood count showed hyperleukocytosis and this patient was diagnosed with T-cell ALL. Excisional lymph node biopsy was performed in 9 (2%) of 11 (2.5%) patients who met pathologic lymph node criteria; the diagnoses were reactive hyperplasia (n=4), granulomatous lymphadenitis (n=1), Hodgkin\'s lymphoma (n=3), and giant cell fibrohistiocytic tumor (benign character) (n=1). Among the patients referred for lymphadenopathy, malignancy was diagnosed in only 5 (1.16%) patients; 4 of these patients had diffuse lymphadenopathy including supraclavicular LAP, lymph nodes were firm and fixed in all patients diagnosed with malignancy; B symptoms were seen in 2 patients.\nConclusion: Although the rate of malignancy is low, it is important to evaluate LAPs in a timely and accurate manner and decide which one should be investigated. However, in most of the patients referred to the pediatric hematology and oncology outpatient clinic for LAP by pediatricians, the development of LAP is due to reactive hyperplasia. In our study, 97.5% of patients did not meet the criteria for pathologic LAP. A detailed history and clinical examination can quickly and accurately differentiate the most common causes of lymphadenopathy in children. In this way, parental anxiety and unnecessary procedures can be avoided.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate sagittal thoracic and lumbar spinal curvatures in elite and master weightlifter and horse rider when standing on the floor. A total of 30 elite male weightlifter (mean age: 23.07 ± 4.38 years) and 30 master male horse rider (mean age: 23.10 ± 3.05 years) were evaluated. The Delmas index was used to measure sagittal thoracic and lumbar curvature in standing position on the floor. The mean values for Delmas index in the standing position on the floor were 95.30±3.89 for elite male weightlifter and 95.87±3.18 for elite male horse rider. The results showed that there is no difference between hyper Lordosis and hyper kyphosis of spinal column of the elite and master weightlifter and horse rider. It appears that training hasn’t more potential effect on spinal column curves. So, hyper Lordosis and hyper kyphosis of spinal column is not directly related to positions adopted on the weightlifting and horse riding.
In the last decades, the number of patent applications has significantly increased, but with regional variations according to the specific development conditions. The study of the determinant factors of patent applications by countries could offer useful information for the evaluation of the degree of competitiveness in order to take decisions for regional development. The purpose of this research work is to achieve a description of patent applications evolution in order to evaluate the effects caused by a series of determinant factors. For this, the authors studied the patent applications and determinant factors of innovation from 40 countries, in the time period 1963-2010. The analysis was made using variance analysis (ANOVA) and panel analysis in statistical software R. The data used are taken from different databases available on the websites of national government agencies and institutions. \nThe results obtained showed that, between continents and between time periods there are significant differences of the mean number of patent applications. The determinant factors with a significant impact on patents applications number are Gross Domestic Product per employed person and the number of education years.
Every elucidation for today’s quandary has been achieved in an easier prospect, with due respect to the experience gained by a normal man. The engineers too look out for the better way in the development cycle of software apart from its traditional approach. Software, being implemented in almost every machine, is in the urge of being developed with many improvisation techniques but obeying the time and cost constrains. Adding to the available simplifications methodologies in the development phases, the proposed Intelligent risk analysis model (IRAM) would abridge the limitations of an object oriented program developed for a new software product showing betterments in time and budget needed. An object oriented program would comprise of individual and exclusive objects with indicated functionalities. Recognizing the usage of the objects in the existing programs would eliminate the necessity of a new coding, thus the component could be reused if it cannot be designated any better. This methodology does a primary verification whether there are any components which match with the stated requirements in the database of programs (E.g. C++, Java, Perl and Python). Based on the analysis of the matched component, it is categorized into Exact Match (EM), Partial Match (PM) or the Rejected match (RM) which denotes its chances of applicability into the new product. This analysis of the correspondence in the reused object depends on the defined four parameters tuple namely Expected Language (EL), Module Description (MD), Argument Description (AD) and the Usage Threshold (UT). The component that matches exactly EM can be directly incorporated into the new software product whereas if the component falls into the other category PM then it is subjected to additional tests, Rank(R) is allotted, Intelligent Report is prepared and measures for its updating as an EM are taken. The RM component is eliminated from the list of possible outcomes at once.
Ethylene Glycol (EG) is one of toxic and hazardous materials that was used in many industries such as; synthetic fibers, films, antifreeze, resins, explosives, fibers, paper, leather, protective coatings, printing inks and textile. Many environmental problems such as: negative effects on aquatic life, destruction of aquatic ecosystems, soil pollution, reducing the oxygen level in the water absorption through skin contact, brain damages, damage to the Central Nervous System (CNS) and joints, eye damage, toxicity, etc., have been reported related with EG. In this study, ozone as an advanced oxidation method was used for the treatment of EG containing wastewaters. For this purpose, the impact of contact time and pH variations on EG removal by ozonation at two level including low and high concentration (low= 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 and high=500, 750, 1000, 1500 mg/L) were examined. An EG removal kinetic analysis was determined based on removal rates via several ozonation times. At concentrations of 10, 20 and 50 mg/L after 180 minutes, removal of EG were achieved 93.31, 89.96, and 85.01 % respectively. Increasing pH has a direct impact on system efficiency and maximum efficiency corresponds to a concentration of 1500 mg/L 20.26 % was observed. Very good correlation coefficients at this kinetic study at all concentrations, investigated that EG removal will follow the first-order kinetics. Increasing and decreasing pH has a dramatic effect on the efficiency of the system, so that the efficiency increases significantly at alkaline pH. According to the results ozone system can be an excellent option for EG containing wastewater treatment.
The potential ignition that intrigues most researchers about the Riemann zeta hypothesis is the ability to employ different approaches with intuitive mindset to some very interesting results. Motivated by their style of reasoning, we obtain in this work some refinements of Riemann zeta function in different forms by employing different techniques on two functional equations. Our results are better, simpler and concise new representations of Riemann zeta function, thus extending the recent results of Enoch (2012) which itself is a generalization of many other result in this area.
company and its environment. The Cloud Computing is the major support provider for data centre in modern multi-tenant requirements. The development in the data management forces us to support the data centres for efficient and effective handling of data under modern connectivity infrastructure environment. The developments in cloud computing paradigm confirm the need of faster and efficient performance evaluation facilities for Data centres and its management. \nThe data centre should need enough resources such as storage capacity, managing software(s), additional capabilities such as optimization of storage, user requests. In a multi-tenant platform it demands rules and facilities on how we manage our data centre with operational management tasks. The advanced modeling of data does not feasible due to nature of data centre components such as different types of cloud servers, diversity of user requests, feasible storage capabilities in a multi-tenant province.\nWe proposed a new mechanism to overcome these performance problems and to aim for optimize their performance; we can achieve this goal with help of queuing theory which directly deals the performance and its issues and gives solutions.\nIn this paper, we proposed model called Multi-tenant Queue model focusing on the major performance metrics such as Transaction workload, internal response time, and effective utilization of resources. Calculation of Workload trace, on demand resource serving with no waiting time, a priori reserve of the resources in advance, no. of users as metrics considered for data performance under data centre. \nThe performance measurements are facilitated with Automated Workload Reports (AWRs) with flow graphs under Oracle Performance and tuning makes use ADDT for optimization data storage and retrievals for data centers to provide a breed of computers (micro data centre) powered by a smart cloud intelligent systems.
The purpose of this paper is to adapt Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), which is one of the models for adopting technological products, into technological product purchase behavior of consumer, and to test the moderator effects of technology readiness, the direct effects of which were examined in the previous studies, through the model. In order to test the relations included in the model Hierarchical Regression Test were conducted. As a result, the moderator effects showed that as the consumers’ insecurity towards a technological product and their discomfort in using the product increase, the effect of brand credibility on both perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use decreases.