Differs to digital innovation, which is application-oriented of digital technologies, digital technology innovation focuses on developing and creating new digital technologies (creation-oriented). Thus, digital technology innovation forms the foundation of digital innovation. Increasingly, firms, especially those in manufacturing, are recognizing the crucial role of digital technology innovation in shaping their intangible value. In order to determine whether digital technology innovation can enhance firm value and the specific mechanism involved, this study draws on patent data (the fields of digital technology are defined based on IPC) and annual report data of listed manufacturing firms in China to reveal the specific relationship between digital technology innovation and the enhancement of firm value. We find that that digital technology innovation can make a significant contribution to firm value; more important, the relationships between digital technology innovation and lowering costs, upgrading efficiency can be characterized as an inverted U-shaped pattern and a U?shaped pattern, respectively. These results hold after the several robustness checks. Additional analyses show that these relationships differ significantly across types of state ownership, firm size, and location feature. Finally, our mechanism analysis suggests that lowering costs and upgrading efficiency driven by digital technology innovation is a key component of the value-enhancing effect. Overall, this study offers theoretical insights into value enhancement at firm level through digital technology innovation, as well as practical guidance for firm and society looking to embrace digital technology innovation.

In the new wave of technological revolution, information technology is currently the most innovative areas around the world. Technological innovation isincreasingly focused on digitalization. However, little research has attempted to investigate method to measure the digitalization of technological innovation and its impact. Based on longitudinal multiple data sources, including comprising patent documents, annual reports of listed Chinese manufacturing firms, a third-party database. We introduce a novel construct, namely digital technology proximity, to capture how firms digitize their technological innovation based on social network. Meanwhile, we consider firms� digital transformation performance, measured by the proportion of digital-related revenue, as the impact of digitalization of technological innovation. Our unbalanced-panel regression and robustness tests reveal a positive link between digitalization of technological innovation and firms� digital transformation performance, supporting the notion that technologicalinnovation digitalization empowers firms� digital transformation. In addition, digital innovation ability exerts a significant mediating effect for digitalization of technological innovation. This research introduces a new method of measuring the digitalization of technological innovation and its impact on digital transformation.

Wine grape (Vitis vinifera) is widely cultivated in the world due to huge consumption of wine. Low temperature adversely affects the cultivation and distribution of Wine grape. In this study, effects of low temperature on chlorophyll content, root activity, stomata opening and structure, gene expression of C-repeat-binding factors (CBFs) in wine grape seedling were determined and correlation between them were analyzed. Results showed that low temperature could increase the chlorophyll content to some extent, decreased root activity and affected the stomata opening, even destroyed the stomata structure. Low temperature had significant effect on gene expression levels of CBFs, CBF1, CBF2 and CBF3 showed same changes to some extent. The expression level CBF4, not in accord with CBF1, CBF2 and CBF3, appeared higher expression levels at lower temperature. Meanwhile, there were significant differences of cold resistance among the wine grape varieties. Additionally, the root activity was significantly positive correlation with CBF4 gene expression and the chlorophyll content was significantly negative correlation with CBF2 gene expression. What’s more, the genes expression of CBF1, CBF2, CBF3 and CBF4 also showed correlation with each other to some extent.

Successful implementation of ISO 9001:2008 certified quality management system (QMS) in small and medium scale enterprises was achieved by effective practice of defined quality procedures at all levels. This study focus on advantages of ISO 9001: 2008 certified quality management system (QMS) in small and medium scale enterprises to achieve high quality standards. ISO 9001:2008 certified QMS in small and medium scale enterprises, if assisted with a supporting system to create awareness and control it can improve quality level throughout organization. A decision support system (DSS) was developed in this study to facilitate automation in documenting forms and records, identify the bottleneck regions, and provide solution to predicted quality issues. It was found that developed decision support system maximizes benefits of ISO 9001:2008. This DSS was designated as decision support system with enterprise resource planning (ERP) integrated information (DSS – EII).This information system provides appropriate solution to projected quality hurdles via back propagation method, an artificial intelligence technique. The proposed DSS –EII was implemented and evaluated in an Indian plastic manufacturing organization.

Changes in the educative paradigm, arising from the transitional process towards the European Higher Education Area (EHEA), call for a new teaching model and a new role for university teaching staff. In this context, institutionalized and systematic teacher training is considered fundamental to face up to new educational challenges with success. Over the last decade, the majority of Spanish universities have sought to carry out teacher training experiences in line with international practice. This study seeks to examine different aspects of teacher training at the University of Burgos (Spain) and to analyze the perceptions of both teachers and students of that training. A two-stage complementary methodology was used: in the first, the training content related to the European Higher Education Area and the Renewal of teaching methodologies completed by 606 teachers over the period 2000-2011 was described and analyzed; and, in the second, a qualitative study was conducted with 4 teachers (in-depth interview) and 30 students (focus-group). It was concluded that teacher training is highly valued by teaching staff and a keen interest in the improvements. Likewise, students acknowledged good teaching practice delivered by well trained teachers. Important coincidences are found with regard to what teachers and students identify as positive teaching practice.

The breakthrough for dental laser systems came in the mid 1990\'s. Among the various laser types with corresponding wavelengths, diode laser systems quickly began establishing themselves as compact, infrared (IR) wavelengths are ideally suited for tooth whitening. \nThe commercial use of the bleaching products in the dental practice implemented great interest for their use in the aesthetic restoration of patients with discolored teeth. From this point of the bleaching products are used very often. Current bleaching systems are based primarily on hydrogen peroxide or carbamide peroxide with different active substance concentration. From the level of teeth discoloration and technical equipment in the dental office we decide with bleaching products and systems and their concentration will be used.\nThe case report shows whitening of discolored teeth using 810 nm diode laser.\nOn the basis of the use of laser energy results it could be concluded that is a modern and reliable approach for teeth whitening and presents some advantages over most available over-the-counter, home, and in-office bleaching products.

The study reported has been undertaken to check if the shape of vendace scales can be a parameter permitting reliable differentiation between the populations of fish from three lakes. The measurements were made on 354 scales from 144 vendace individuals (Coregonus albula) from lakes Drawsko, Pełcz and Morzycko in West Pomerania area, NW Poland. The scales were subjected to 12 morphometric procedures defined in the program called Digishape for automatic morphometry. Step discriminant analysis confirmed statistically significant (p<0.001) differences in the shape of scales between the fish from the three populations, with the mean accuracy of classification matrix at a level of 73.45%. According to the results it is possible to distinguish the fish from the three populations studied, from three lakes in West Pomerania, on the basis of the shape of scales. This finding can be of interest for fish farming and protection of biodiversity

Wind energy conversion system (WECS) is one of the most economical, flexible and efficient for generating the electrical power than other renewable energy sources. Self-excited induction generator (SEIG) and doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) are used to generate the electrical energy from the wind through wind turbine. DFIG is most suitable in variable speed applications, because, better energy capturing can be achieved and the power is taken from both stator and rotor. In this paper, designing the proportional-integral (PI) controller, direct-torque controller (DTC), direct-power controller (DPC) and direct-current controller (DCC) and those controllers are incorporated in rotor circuit of DFIG. Performance of those DFIG controllers and impact its effect in the interconnected grid system are analyzed by PSCAD simulation software. Simultaneously, pulsation of DFIG parameters with network disturbance and harmonic behavior of DFIG stator current with those controllers, grid voltage have been described.

There is a challenge to the experts and those in charge with the education and training to create an education system that is continuously adjusting to a changing society, able to facilitate and support transformations that occur in the business environment and beyond, and to determine the economic growth both at the local, regional, national and international level as well as at the level of organizations, groups, and individuals.\nCountries that have nowadays recorded significant economic growth have an education system based on an entrepreneurial culture, the most relevant examples being Finland, Norway, New Zealand, USA, Canada and Japan. These countries have managed to redefine their strategy starting with the primary education system and creating a complex network of institutions that are developing entrepreneurial skills and abilities, focusing on an educational curriculum tailored for the business environment.\nThe educational reform in these countries has led to the educational decentralization, building educational networks for the know-how transfer between regions, developing collaborative projects between universities, public institutions and business organizations, on-going training programs and lifelong learning, entrepreneurship and collaborative business culture.\nThis paper aims to propose a model for an entrepreneurial university that can represent a challenge for the higher education system in Romania, where the educational reform can lead to educational decentralization, building educational networks for the transfer of know-how between regions, developing collaborative projects between the universities, public institutions and business organizations, on-going training programs and lifelong learning, entrepreneurship and a collaborative business culture.

Images are often corrupted by impulse noise during the process of image acquisition and transmission. In this research, optimal detector noise filtering algorithm is proposed which detects and removes the impulse noise from the noise affected images, especially while compared with other state of arts in terms of image quality and mean square error. The process of impulse noise detection includes finding of the optimum direction, through the estimation of standard deviation in various directions of the filtering window. It also preserves the edges in the images during the denoising process. The efficient hardware architecture for optimal detector noise filtering is presented in this research. The design possesses only two line memory buffers with very low computational complexity, thereby reducing the hardware cost and appropriate for several real-time applications. The proposed hardware architecture consumes 1728gates and power consumption of 203.27mW.

Many emergency communications is based on mobile Adhoc networks. It suffers from restricted communication and hardware capabilities of mobile nodes. Dynamic key management is an important factor for all security goals in MANETs. In this paper we propose a scheme to generate the public and private keys through Euclid’s theorem. The forward and backward secrecy in creating the group key is done through Breadth First Search (BFS) and Depth First Search (DFS) traversals respectively. The group key evolved during this process ensures secured data transfer among the group nodes by encryption/decryption using group key. The proposed scheme enhances the computational complexity of the group key generation algorithm to provide effective and secure communication among the group nodes. The proposed scheme was simulated in NS2 to analyze the computational and communicational capabilities in group key management. This scheme proves more secured than other key management protocols in mobile Adhoc networks.

Objective: The study was designed to check describes hematological and biochemical profiles of thalassemic patients those who using the deferiprone. The aim was to find the effect of drug on their blood profiles.\nMaterials and Methods: Fifty male thalassemic patients were enrolled from different thalassemic centers of Punjab (Pakistan) and using the deferiprone last one year.\nResult: The average ± SD value of CBCs were: RBCs 3.7×106 ± 1×106/µL, WBCs 24.3×103 ± 8.2×103/µL, Hb 8.2 ± 1.3 g/dL, MCHC 30.1 ± 5.2 g/dL, MCV 26.7 ± 3 pg, RDW 45.1% ± 9.6%, platelet 269×103 ± 65×103/µL, ESR 54 ± 9 mm/h. The CBCs of thalassemic patients showed significant deviation from normal values (P < 0.05). The biochemical parameters were: ALT 95.7 ± 33 U/L, AST 82.7 ± 16.7 U/L, ALP 208 ± 88 U/L, triglyceride 181 ± 22.7 mg/dL, cholestrol 191 ± 35 mg/dL, TP 3.8 ± 1.1 g/dL, serum creatinine 1.5 ± 0.4 mg/dL, urea 3.3 ± 1.5 mg/dL, TB 2.8 ± 0.9 mg/dL, SF 3670 ± 1457 μg/L. There was statistically significant correlation among biochemical parameters (P < 0.05). \nConclusion: The altered hematological and biochemical parameters may change iron chelation response in the patients. Therefore, demography, CBC, and biochemical parameters should be considered for future plan of transfusion and iron chelation therapy.

The distribution of generalized extreme values(GEV) that belongs to Genkinson(1955) is used vastly to model ultimate ranges of natural\nphenomena. As regards the maximum temperature of one region is\na remarkable component in the growth of plants and the climate of region. This article intends to measure the maximum temperature of several cities and also, to estimate parameters. One of the methods that is used for the estimation of distribution parameters is the maximum Likelihood method(ML). This method is acceptable for huge samples. Justifying the maximum amount of Likelihood is based on the theory of huge samples.

Abstract\nY chromosome microdeletions are a mainly important reason of spermatogenetic impairment in males. Intrachromosomal recombination actions in large homologous repetitive sequence blocks are caused these microdeletions in spermatogenesis locus azoospermia factor (AZF). We obtained the literature by the PubMed and Google Scholar. The search keywords were azoospermia factors, microdeletions and male infertility. In this review, we selected the articles published in recent years about Y chromosome microdeletions that investigated their association with male infertility. The full texts of the appropriate articles were evaluated and a total of 82 articles were used. According to the results of reviewed articles, deletions in azoospermia regions eliminate one or more of the important genes and cause serious testiculopathy that are principal in male infertility. Our study indicated that Y chromosome microdeletions is variable in various population; these data propose that other genetic, epigenetic, nutritional and/or local factors are responsible for impairments in men fertility parameters observed in different populations

Sorting takes a vital role in the computational applications. Divide and Conquer based sorting algorithms are very efficient than any other methods. In this paper we propose a new divide and conquer based sorting technique, named as D- Shuffle sort. It takes time O(n^2) as the worst case performance. The proposed algorithm has three functions like subtract, divide and conquer and shuffle. After implementation our proposed algorithm with the most efficient variants of Quick sort and it is compared with well known sorting techniques like Bubble Sort, Insertion sort and Selection sort and is carried out, its results are analyzed.

Active utilization of Facebook for technical studies will provide major benefits for professional students. This study examines the nature, manifestations and causes of changes in technical education of India. It investigated the views and attitudes of students and instructors in the various technical Universities and colleges in India. In this case, a questionnaire based survey conducted with the students & professors. From the survey we can able to analyse key details such as (1) if widespread usage of Facebook is the reason for student’s predominant position in technical knowledge, then why do we hear about some negative points like Facebook addiction? (2) What are the causes of such problems? (3) In what forms and situations do they manifest? (4) How could Facebook applications offer solutions to engineering study difficulties? Our study was designed as mixed-methods, single-case study with a mix of quantitative and qualitative methods. Quantitative data were gathered through surveys that helped develop a picture of patterns in areas such as student communities, preferred methods of study, and patterns of escalation while qualitative data from various personal interviews and one group interview provided insights into the nature and resolution of various complexities. The sample of the study consisted of totally 400 professors and students with various levels of academic titles. Results suggest that the utilization of Facebook for study purpose increased a lot in the last two years and technical knowledge updating achieved via various applications of Facebook.

Stroke and its consequences like ischemic injury can be induced by some mechanisms, which damage body tissues. Finally, the problem can lead to some spinal neural disorders like Cerebral Palsy (CP) or death. Some pathological processes would lead to increase in body temperature and hence, body temperature would exceed the maximum capacity of hypothalamus to regulate body temperature. As a result, the process would lead to hyperthermia. Hyperthermia would be increased in patients in early days after stroke, induced by ischemic injury from 4.5 to 60.8%. The main objective of the present study is to investigate effects of Simvastatin on ischemic injury of brain, resulted from hyperthermia through thromboembolic model of stroke on rats. Hypothermia would hide useful effects of some neuroprotective factors such as tissue activator of plasminogen as a useful treatment in theromboembolic stroke. Another neuroprotective factor (MK-801), as non-competitive antagonist of NMDA receivers, would be disappeared by hyperthermia. Neuroprotective treatment refers to a treatment, in which neural system and especially neurons would be protected against cerebral ischemia and as a result, neuron death and neurologic disorders and even death would be decreased. In relevant researches, statins would be considered as neuroprotective factors and neural neurorestorative factors in cerebral stroke, induced by brain ischemic injury.

During recent half century, with changing of cultural and social structure of Iranian society and development of communication-media technologies such as internet and satellite and using them by the youth especially in recent decade, social system has been faced with serious challenges in relation between generations and created an optimum background difference, or as some intellectuals say, conflict in the youth value systems. The present study is in terms of controlling research conditions, a survey; in terms of coverage, extensive and in terms of time-table, cross-sectional (second half of 2011). Statistical population of research includes citizens of 18-29 and higher than 40 years old at triple zones of Sanandaj city. The needed volume sample has been determined based on Cochran formula as 360 participants and sampling has been done by multiple cluster sampling. Overall, this study is trying to answer these two main questions:\n1. Whether are the values of parent generation different with children ones or not?\n2. What is the most important factor influencing on value gap between generations? \nThe results indicate the existence of gap in values of parent and children generations. Also finings indicate that the most value gaps between fathers and sons are in social values at first step and in political, cultural and economical ones at next steps. \nThe results of regression analysis also indicates that normal conflict between generations, the newness of fathers\' values, individualism of children generation, fathers\' redundant values, lack of hypocrisy of agents of sociability, children\'s cultural identity crisis, the rate of children interaction with fathers, the distinction between the level of education among generations and the number of hours for father to be out of home are the important factors influencing on intergeneration value gap.