ABSTRACT\nObjective: This study was aimed to explore the drivers of hand washing behavior among mothers \nand caregivers of infants in Aba-shawl sub zone, Asmara, Eritrea. Methodology: A qualitative \nstudy was conducted from July to December 2019 in Aba-shawl sub-zone, Asmara. All \nparticipants in this study were selected using chain referral sampling. In-depth interviews were \nconducted on twenty mothers and caregivers of infants. Focus group discussion was done in \nEdaga Hamus Hospital with eight mothers of infants from Aba-shawl subzone and two key \ninformants were interviewed; one health professional from Edaga-hamus Hospital, and one \nadministrator of Aba-shawl subzone. In addition to that the researchers observed the general \nconditions of the community including cleanliness, availability and accessibility of water, toilet and \nother cleaning facilities. Results: The barriers to hand washing behavior identified in this society \nwere; new responsibilities of nurturing an infant, increased workload when nurturing an infant in \naddition to rearing other children, lack of affordability of hand washing materials for frequent use, \nlack of hand washing materials in the locations where they spend most of their time, elders\' fear \nof excessive exposure to water and thereby opposing frequent hand washing behavior of mothers \nand caregivers of infants. Motivators of hand washing behavior include; mothers’ and caregivers’ \nperceptions of good motherhood, perception that soap is necessary to clean hands particularly \nfor visual dirt and improving the smell of hands, support from husbands and other family members, \navailability of soap and close proximity of water and hand washing station and other hand \nwashing facilities, perceived benefit of hand washing for prevention of childhood illnesses \nprimarily diarrhea and other enteric problems, verbal cues from close ones regarding hand \nwashing before and after breastfeeding, and environmental factors like the overall conditions of \nthe study site. Conclusion: The study findings suggest that there are sizable opportunities to \nimprove hand washing behavior among mothers and caregivers of infants in Aba-shawl sub-zone. \nFocusing on the specific barriers and motivators of hand washing prevailing in the study area, \nresponsible authorities need to scale-up their efforts to improve mothers and care givers hand \nwashing behavior.

Today, by raising concerns and awareness on environmental issues, consumers are interested to use organic products. Regarding the importance of such issue, present paper aims at studying affecting factors on intention to buy and purchasing these products based on theory of planned behavior. This is a survey – type study to collect its data, a questionnaire instrument is used. To this end, 384 customers of Tehran Organic Product Shops were selected as the sample. To analyze data as well as research hypotheses and model, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were utilized. Research findings indicate the significant impact of “attitude toward organic products”, “subjective norm”, “accessibility”, “price”, “quality” and “customers’ knowledge and awareness” on intention to buy and, ultimately, purchasing organic products.

The current research is intended to study the relationship between factors influencing on capital structure and debt ratio of the firms listed at Tehran’s stock exchange. This research involves all firms with audited financial statements listed at Tehran’s stock exchange. It needs to be mentioned that the information has been considered in terms of firm – year mode so that if a firm was listed at Tehran stock exchange even for the first year, it would be considered in this research. The current research aims to investigate that relationship between firms’ profit management and the transactions of their dependent individuals. A post event approach was used. A correlation-descriptive methodology was employed with respect to the type of the relationship to be tested while the research is also considered as experimental one in terms of its objective. The required data has been collected by the information banks of the library for Tehran’s organization of Stock exchange since 1999-2010. In order to answer the research hypotheses, fitting regression models was used together with Durbin Watson’s Statistics and estimation of variance inflation Coefficients. Also, testing the analysis of variance for regression models were applied to determine the validity. The results from testing the hypotheses showed that regarding the outputs of the software, it could be argued that the hypotheses claiming the relationship between asset returns, accumulated profit, income volatility and firm size with debt ratio is confirmed at error level while other hypotheses claiming the relationship between shared profit policy, profitability, structure, firm’s growth , ownership structure and debt free tax deposit are rejected.

The world of advertising and commercial Ads are mentioned as the most important domains under which a particular attention has to be paid on impact of the factor “gender”. Sexual attractions by mentioning the factor “gender” in advertisement industry have been mentioned as the most important strategies for accessing to high earning and profit gaining. For this, Gender Portrayal in Propagandas is from the issues which a particular attention has to be paid on it. Case study in this paper is banks advertisements. Data collection was provided by distributing questionnaire among 200 citizens living in Tehran. According to data collection, an observation about hypotheses of research and also data analysis through descriptive and inferential statistics was provided.

ABSTRACT\nAny service organization needs to provide high quality service to its customers, in order to achieve customer satisfaction, and survival in a competitive environment. The need to continually assess the quality of services in the service organization is undeniable. Since banks are for-profit firms, and in the competing today\'s market, the competition of public and private banks is entered into a new, differentiated stage for attraction costumers and increasing resources and benefits, customers need to be investigated in terms of new services which is among the most vital. The objective of this research is evaluation of Internet Banking Services of Bank Sepah, on improving customer service. To this end, it is used SERVQUAL model which is of the most famous and most applicable in evaluating service quality. This model assesses the quality of service, in 5 tangible dimensions: reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy. 385 customers were selected as the research sample, and questionnaires were distributed among them. The results show that in all dimensions, customer expectations are more than their perception about the actual services of Internet Bank in Bank Sepah.

The investigation of chemical compositions of Laurus Nobilis leaves showed that more than 70% of fatty acids compositions in this herb are unsaturated type. The predominant fatty acid in its extract is Linolenic acid which is 25.95%. Also, the recognition of chemical compositions of methanol extract of Laurus Nobilis leaves showed among Tocopherols, gamma and betatocopherol with 57.39%; among Sterols, beta sytostrol with 75.17% and among Tochotryanoly compositions identified, gama tochotryanol with 12.21% have highest values. The results revealed that the concentration 1600 PPM of the extract of laurus nobilis leaves, because of having higher Polyphenol and Tochopherol compositions with regard to inhibitory effects of free radicals on the stability of the canola oil, at comparison with other extract concentrations as 200, 400, 800 and other instances were more effective and at comparison with the synthetic antioxidant BHT, at concentration 200 PPM, has greater effect. The results of the oxidative stability of oils containing different extract concentrations also showed that the concentration 1600 PPM of the extract of laurus nobilis leaves has higher performance, in increasing of the oxidative stability index, than other concentrations and synthetic antioxidants BHT which naturally this oxidative stability is related to more amount of Tochopherols and phenolic compositions of extracts.

ABSTRACT\nBackground: Individuals who are making agriculture and animal husbandry for livelihood are faced with a variety of physical and psychological health risks. In many studies conducted around the world it has been shown that these risks turn into diseases.\nAim: This study is aimed farmers\' physical, mental, and social health status were examined through comparison according to their socio-demographic characteristics in Kars province. \nStudy design: Cross-sectional \nMethod: In this study, 177 farmers’ bio-psycho-social health status were examined cross-sectionally in11 central villages of Kars where agriculture and animal husbandry is the most common in Turkey. For the interrogation of the physical and social health, 38-item questionnaire consisted of open-ended and closed-ended questions were used. Mental health evaluation was performed using 21-item Beck Depression Inventory. \nResults: Depression rate 62.1%, physical health problems 52.0%, socially unhealthiness 53.7%. There was statistically significant difference between depression scales cores and age, education level, number of children, physical conditions of the house and physical health status. There was significant difference between body health and age, education level, number of children, social and mental health. There was connection between social health and education level, body health but no connection was found between mental and social health. \nConclusion: In the light of these findings, it is easier to understand the socio-demographic characteristics and health conditions of farmers. It is thought that this study will contribute considerably as data-based evidence to planning protective-developer public health and veterinary services for the needs of the region.

Lilium martagon is a perennial geophyte species belonging to large Liliacea family. Its population is at the status of ‘’VU’’ in “Red Data Book of Turkish Plants”, and along with many European countries, it is included in Turkey’s list of the plants that are endemic and under the state of being imperiled.\nThis study analyzed the potential of producing Lilium martagon with clove. Four different hormones (IAA, IBA, NAA, and GA3) were applied in three doses (1000 ppm, 3000ppm and 5000 ppm) and after 120 days, 6 morphological characteristics were determined. According to the results, 1000 ppm IBA implementation is seen as the most effective hormone dose implementation on morphological characters. According to the effect of fraction position, for all characters, the individuals formed by the pieces taken from the bottom parts of clove are included in first homogeneous group. Also, it is revealed that each of the apical, medium and basal parts obtained by cutting nail-like scales on the corpus in 3 equal pieces have potential meristematic reproduction ability.

Cervical and mediastinal hemorrhaging caused by a spontaneous rupture of a parathyroid adenoma has been rarely reported. Herein, we report a case of a 52-year-old woman who experienced a sudden onset of cervical and mediastinal bleeding related to a parathyroid adenoma. The patient had a history of trauma to the left thorax with a fracture of two ribs. Ultrasonography and computer tomography revealed a nodule in the retrotracheal space and hematoma of the bilateral trachea and thorax. Laboratory examinations revealed significant hypercalcemia, hypophosphatemia, and a high level of intact parathyroid hormone. Surgery was performed and a dark-red, soft tumor was found behind the trachea, which adhered to the surrounding tissues. The pathological diagnosis was a parathyroid adenoma with hemosiderin deposition and fibrosis.