The article focuses on the advantages and limitations of some of the methods that could be felicitously applied towards investigating the sematic structure of English blends.

Pollution due to increase in population, industrialization and other anthropological activities is effecting the physical, chemical and biological parameters of river water. Different water quality standards have been developed in order to keep check on the extent of water pollution, and in order to maintain these quality standards, water quality assessment and apportionment of pollution sources of river is been done using in situ laboratory analysis and multivariate statistical techniques. Traditional water quality management techniques were expensive, generally labour intensive and time consuming. Using satellite data and its potentials are new tools for managing and mapping surface water quality. Remote sensing offered a faster, repeatable, objective, cost effective and efficient way to monitor water quality. The present study demonstrates the use of spatially enhanced IRS LISS III and PAN satellite data for monitoring of water quality in part of Gomti River, Lucknow. The spatial enhancement of different spatial data sets is often used in digital image processing to improve the visual and analytical quality of the data. The spatial image enhancement technique combines the spectral and high spatial resolution information from two different sensors into one image, which has both spectral and high spatial resolution. In order to improve the spatial resolution, the efficiency of six different spatial enhancement techniques viz. Principal Component, Multiplicative, Modified IHS, HPF, Ehlers Fusion and Brovey Transform with standard deviation 5.721, 805.628, 1.567, 14.184, 10.657, 12.254 respectively were examined and evaluated. The Modified IHS spatial enhancement technique with higher standard deviation showing overall best result in compare to others in the analysis of water quality.

Last years, the spread of toxic pollutants, especially heavy metals, in the environment have become very high. They represent a big danger for the environment and the human health, causing insidiously severe pathological alterations. Therefore their monitoring is important. In this paper we prove that the vegetation that grows alongside the streets with heavy traffic in an urban area and bear with the influence of industrial activities absorbs a big quantity of heavy metals, especially lead and zinc. Trace elements concentrations (lead, chromium, cadmium, cobalt, copper, zinc and nickel) were measured in the soil, leaves and bark samples of Populus nigra L., a common plant species from two areas: North Năvodari Camp and the principal traffic route (DJ 226 Năvodari city – Lumina), in Mamaia area (Romania). FAAS has been used for the elements’ analysis. Statistical tests have been performed to test the hypothesis of the dependence between the trace elements in soil, bark and leaves. The bioaccumulation factors have also been calculated. Their values prove low translocation from soil to plant leaves in the study areas.

The post harvest management/handing of some fruits were looked into in Yanlemu Market: a major fruit market in Kano state. A structure questionnaire was used to obtain information on the socio-economic characteristics, the methods of fruits handling system, Fruit storage system and its shelf life and Post harvest management of fruits in the study area. The study revealed that all the marketers were males, 52% had no formal education, and 71.43% of the respondents were mainly fruit marketers. Most of the respondents do sorting 88.10% while 12% doesn’t. No storage facilities were used in the study area to preserve the fruits from rotten after harvesting as at the time of study. They either store fruits inside raffia baskets (46.43%), shops (33.33%), inside bags covered with jute bags (20.24%). All the fruit sellers do not add preservatives. 95.23% of the fruits sellers believed that their storage method is ineffective. All the respondents don’t engage in value addition to fruits in the area of processing into juices, jams or dehydrated products. Most of the marketers claim that they do sell most of their produce within a week but In situations when there are no buyers, 38.10% said they sell it at a giveaway price, 14.28% give as gift to people, 26.19% still prefer to keep it with until it spoils while 21.43% consume it. The result indicates that all the identified factors have an impact on post harvest management. Given the threat of fruit loss and insecurity in the study area, it is suggested that training on post harvest handling be conducted, also adequate and effective storage structures be put in place to ease wastages.

An ideal I on a non empty set X is a subfamily of P(X) which is closed under finite unions and subsets. In this paper, we introduce a new approach of proximity structure based on the ideal notion. For I={phi}, we have the Efremovi c proximity structure [2] and for the other types of I, we have many types of proximity structures. Some results on these spaces have obtained and one of the important results: every *-normal T1 space is I-proximizable space (Theorem 3.9).

Diabetes is a multi-factorial diseases induced by genetic variations at multiple loci, environmental factors, and gene-environment interactions. The prevalence of this health problem is rapidly increasing throughout the world and particularly in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. A large number of genes have been implicated in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), but in population dependent manner. The FABP2 gene codes for a protein responsible for the absorption of long chain fatty acids. We investigated association of FABP2 A54T gene polymorphism with T2DM cases. Genotyping was carried out by real time-polymerase chain reaction using purified DNA. The study included 460 healthy controls and 438 T2DM cases. None of the allele or genotype of FABP2 A54T was associated with T2DM cases versus the controls (OR=1.219, 95% CI=0.988 - 1.502; p= 0.06). Clinical data and anthropometric measurements of the patients were significantly different from those of the controls (p<0.05). We concluded that A54T polymorphism was not associated with either T2DM in Saudi population.