2061 species of higher spore, gymnospermaceous and flowering plants belonging to 144 families and 764 genera have been established in the flora of the region. Herbariums based on a large number of collected plants were prepared and handed over to the Herbarium Found of the Institute of Botany of ANAS. 39 rare, endangered and 17 endemic plant species were identified. The stock of 40 species has decreased noticeably, 16 species are on the verge of extinction there, 5 species are under the threat of complete destruction and 17 species reduce their range in recent years. The composition and structure of the vegetation cover of the region under the influence of a complex of ecological, technogene, zoogenic and anthropogenic factors has changed greatly, where urgent measures for their improvement and protection are required for further use.
Evolving a logo design using Lindenmayer system.postscript and grammatical evolution
Creativity in Logo designing, one of the main indicators of graphic includes principles which are innate and intuitional to many graphic designers. But presupposition of this abstract is on the basis of acquirable creativity. The question is how strategies can be made to create visual ideas; creativity is put into challenge practically and academically.\nIn fact, the study of scientific and academic strategies to create different kinds of Logos out of ideas is the main objective of this paper. To this end, the author has tried to study this subject matter by the expert opinion and firsthand sources. This paper reviews definitions, aesthetic principals, creativity and some strategies theoretically.
Photocatalytic degradation process is a low-cost alternative by the use of synthesized nanoparticles. It became a clean process for the degradation due to hydroxyl radicals generated on semiconductor surface. Such radicals are able to degrade several organic compounds. In this study, Violet GL2B azo dye was selected for the degradation studies under visible light irradiation. The two different nanoparticles, CaZnO2-I was synthesized by using fuel urea and CaZnO2-II by acetamide by solution combustion method. These nanoparticles were characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Micrograph (SEM) analysis. The average size was found to be 39.15 nm for CaZnO2-I and 43.59 nm for CaZnO2-II. The band gap of the nanoparticle CaZnO2-I was found to be 2.57 eV and CaZnO2-II was 2.67 eV. These nanoparticles were tested for the photocatalytic degradation by varying parameters such as catalyst concentration, pH and dye concentration and compared with the procured TiO2 of size <25 nm. The results showed that CaZnO2-I is highly efficient in degrading the azo dye Violet GL2B (97.69%) when compared with the CaZnO2-II of degradation of 94.69% against TiO2 of 7.91% at pH 7.
Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a global health problem and is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Physical activity is a beneficial intervention for prevention and treatment of T2DM. Objectives: To investigate and compare lipid profile and blood pressure responses of circuit weight training (CWT) or aerobic exercise training (AET) in pre-hypertensive T2DM patients. Methods: Forty pre-hypertensive T2DM participants, aged 50-60 years, were randomly divided into two groups (CWT and AET). Exercise training was performed three times per week in both groups; for 12 weeks. Eight parameters were evaluated pre-training, after 3 months of training and 1 month post training cessation. Results: Compared with aerobic training; CWT for 12 weeks in T2DM patients seems to yield more statistically significant effect on lipid profile with favorable lowering effect on total cholesterol (TC), Triglycerides (TG) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) but with more favorable increase in high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) either on short or long run basis (after 3 months exercise and 1 month follow up). On the other hand; aerobic exercise training for 12 weeks for pre-hypertensive T2DM patients seems to yield more benefit and statistically significant lowering effect on systolic and diastolic blood pressure when compared with CWT either on short-or long-run basis. Conclusions: While CWT is the intervention of choice to improve lipid profile in pre-hypertensive T2DM patients, AET is still the best intervention to improve blood pressure in those patients, for a more extended period of time.
This study covered 7 different agrobased programmes for rural development in selected districts of five provinces (Kwazulu natal, North West, Gauteng, Western Cape, and Mpumalanga) in South Africa. This was based on the fact that programmes were introduced to alleviate rural problems and central to the success and sustainability of rural development programmes is the issue of beneficiaries’ participation. The programme covered include Comprehensive Rural Development, Masibuyele Emasimini, Comprehensive Agricultural Support programme and Ilima Letsema, Land Redistribution for Agricultural Development, MAFISA, AGRIBEE, Food Security, Land Care, Agricultural Disaster Management and Agro processing. While some agro-based programmes for rural development are peculiar in some provinces, others are national programmes with some forms of adaptation and modification. A simple random sampling technique was used to select farmers in different districts in each of the provinces and interview was conducted through a structured questionnaire on participation, attitude, and constraints towards participation. The results show varying degree of participation across the provinces and the programmmes. Participation was observed to be influencing the effectiveness of these programmes in overcoming rural problems that have been targeted. The paper recommends structural amendment in the delivery of services to rural dwellers through these programmes in their respective provinces.