The textile wastewater with the dye is released in various ways into the environment and it cause significant environmental problems. Due to the stability of modern dyes, conventional biological treatment methods for industrial wastewater are ineffective, resulting in an intensively colored discharge from the treatment facilities. Thus, there is a need for developing treatment methods that is more effective in eliminating dyes from the waste stream at its source. The most effective methods of dye removal from wastewater are adsorption and the use of enzymes. In this study, removal of Acid red 37 from aqueous solutions has been studied using silica fume waste material after its modification with laccase from Russulaceae (Lactarius volemus). Laccase was purified by using saturated precipitate (NH4)2SO4, DEAE-cellulose and immobilized on silica fume. Batch adsorption experiments have been performed as a function of pH, contact time, temperature and adsorbent dosage. The optimum results were obtained at pH 6, contact time of 60 min, temperature of 20 ºC and an adsorbent dose of 1 mg/mL. The Freundlich equation was found to have the highest value of R2 compared with the Langmuir model. Thermodynamic parameters including the Gibbs free energy, enthalpy and entropy changes indicated that the adsorption of Acid red 37 onto laccase-modified silica fume was feasible, spontaneous and endothermic. The results show that the laccase-modified silica fume can be used for the treatment of aqueous solutions as an alternative low cost adsorbent.

In the present study, the allelopathic effects of Eruca sativa, Mentha peprinta, and Coriandrum sativum water extract, prepared by 25 gm and 50 gm powder of dry leaf dissolved in 100 ml of double distilled water (100% , 50, 25 and 0% as control) were tested for their allelopathic effects on seed germination and other growth parameters of Phaseolous vulgaris. laboratory experiments were conducted in sterilizes Petri dish with a 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 96 h and 120 h time interval for seed germination and 24 h, 48 h and 72 h for radicle length on an average of 25° C. The effects of different concentrations of aqueous extract were compared to distilled water (0% ). Aqueous effect caused pronounced inhibitory effect on seed germination and root length 0.of receptor plant. Seed germination and root length results indicated that the inhibitory effect was proportion to the concentration of the extract. Inhibitory effect was much pronounced radicle length rather than germination. Hence, it could be concluded that the leaf aqueous extracts of these medicinal plants contain water-soluble allelochemicals, which could inhibit the seed germination and reduce radicle length of Phaseolous vulgaris. It is suggested that Phaseolous vulgaris should not be planted close to these plants to avoid the adverse effects on its growth.

The effect of economical, cultural, social, individual and environmental factors on cinema demand in Tehran, capital of Iran, has been investigated. A randomly selected sample of 800 individuals w ho regularly (> 4 times/year) go to cinema in Tehran have been surveyed through questionnaire. The collected data was analyzed via factor analysis and path analysis method by using SPSS and LISREL software. Results showed that the demand for going to cinema in this city is affected by all of the mentioned main five factors to different degrees. It was detected that among the investigated, the economical has the most influence on going to cinema in the city of Tehran.

This paper deals with the visualization of the people in relation to their environment. As a study, it deals with both cultural and social change. The migrants and their children were the subject of these observations, which preceded the research and choice of sample for the case study. The observations listed below have been obtained from Palestinian settlements, Jabal El-Hussein camp, as far as the first generation of migrants and their children\'s are concerned. The comparison between the two generations gives a clear idea of the cultural systems that organized the camp. Also, the comparison shows the cultural habits that create the spaces in family\'s houses.

In the theory on linear differential equations (LDE) conditions of reducibility to equations with constant coefficients are known [1]. To prove value of the study and to solve relevant characteristic equations of Riccati type instead of LDEs themselves we obtain conditions of reducibility in another manner.

This article introduces the concept of gradual(or partial) reducibility of linear differential equations (LDE) with variable coefficients. In this article we construct algorithm for reducing the order of LDE with variable coefficients which after replacing variable has at least one solution of exponential form y(t)  et .So reduced equation with new variable coefficients has at least one solution of the et form.The second order LDE with variable coefficients is studied in details.The method of solution of LDE by step-by-step reducibility is offered and some specific equations are solved for illustration purposes.

Performance and the transient behaviour of a salt gradient solar pond through computer simulation are investigated in this paper. All thermal and hydrodynamic properties of the fluid, which is taken to be sodium chloride solution in water, have been considered to be varying with temperature and concentration and this will cause energy and mass transfer equations to be coupled. Solar radiation reaching the pond and the amount absorbed by it as well as ambient temperature are modeled according to geographical data. Temperature and concentration fields obtained by software simulation have been compared with the experimental results from a solar pond located in Tunisia [4], with the same conditions, and good agreement is observed.