Assuming that the origin of stimulated Raman scattering lies in third-order (Raman) susceptibility arising due to nonlinear induced polarization, we obtained expressions for Raman gain coefficients (steady-state and transient) of weakly-polar semiconductors magneto-plasmas under various geometrical configurations. The threshold pump intensity and optimum pulse duration for the onset of transient SRS have been estimated. For numerical calculations, we consider n-InSb crystal at 77K temperature as a Raman active medium irradiated by a pulsed CO2 laser. The dependence of Raman gain coefficients on doping concentration, external magnetostatic field and its inclination, scattering angle and pump pulse duration have been explored in detail with aim to determine suitable values of these controllable parameters to enhance Raman gain coefficients at lower threshold intensities, and to search the feasibility of efficient semiconductor nonlinear devices based on Raman nonlinearities. Most expectedly, the technological potentiality of weakly-polar semiconductor magneto-plasmas as hosts for compression of scattered pulses and fabrication of efficient nonlinear devices such as frequency converters, Raman amplifiers and oscillators etc. based on Raman nonlinearities have been established.

With the aim of examining the allelopathic effects of saffron (Crocus sativus L. ), two experiments have been separately carried out on the Chenopodium album L. and Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv weeds. The experiment was done as factorial in a randomized complete block design with four replications and different levels of aqueous extract of organs (leaf, corm and a combination of leaf and corm) and concentration of the extract (0, 1, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20%). The results showed that seed germination of both weeds was significantly affected by the organs and concentration of saffron extracts. The highest germination rate of Chenopodium album was 2.38 seeds per day in the application of corms extract and the lowest germination rate was 2.12 seeds per day in the application of combination leaf and corm extract. The highest seed vigor index of Chenopodium album was 12 in the application of leaf extract and the lowest was 9 obtained in the application of leaf and corm extracts. In addition in Chenopodium album application of the highest concentration of the extract (20 %) led to the lowest weight of root, stem, seedlings, germination percentage, germination rate, seed vigor index, and number of normal seeds. In Echinochloa crus-galli seed, increasing in the concentration of the extract from 0 to 20% enhanced the mean germination time from 3.4 in control sample to 4.1 day in the application of 20 % extracts. All the applied extracts obtained from different saffron organs caused a significant reduction in germination traits in both species of weeds. Meanwhile the extracts of leaf and corm indicated the highest effects. Meanwhile the extracts of leaf and corm indicated the highest effects. Generally, results showed that the application of 20% extract obtained from combination of leaf and corm tissue provided the highest growth inhibition and germination rate in both weeds.

Innate immunity cytokines play key roles in the induction and stimulation of liver complications in the chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. It has been reported that Royal jelly (RJ) play key roles in decreasing the pro-inflammatory cytokines in both in vitro and in vivo conditions. This project was aimed to evaluate the effects of 1 month RJ treatment on TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β serum levels in the CHB patients.In this study, 30 CHB patients were entered to be under treatment of RJ for 1 month. Before and after treatment with RJ, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β serum levels were evaluated using ELISA technique. Treatment with RJ led to downregulation of TNF-α and IL-6, which were not significant. The TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β serum levels were not changed after RJ treatment in both men and women. Although RJ did not affect TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β serum levels significantly, but the decreasing pattern in the TNF-α serum levels directed the conclusion to the fact that more RJ doses and evaluation of more sample size may be associated with significant decrease in the TNF-α serum levels.

An integral method for solving the problem of longitudinal flow of an inclined flat plate by an incident air flow is presented. The wall temperature is constant. To solve the problem, the integral equation of motion of Karman and the integral equation of energy are used. The problem was solved numerically in the Mathcad software package. The graphs of the dependence of the thickness of the hydrodynamic and thermal boundary layers, the coefficients of heat transfer and friction on the longitudinal coordinate at different angles of inclination of the plate and different Reynolds numbers are presented.